Role of Industrilization in India Essay Example for Free

Role of Industrilization in India EssayINDUSTRILIZATIONIndustrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human stem from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic tuition are closely related with proficient innovation, particularly with the increment of large-scale energy and met bothurgy production. It is the extensive organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.2 Industrialisation also introduces a form of philosophical change where passel obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature, and a sociological process of ubiquitous rationalisation There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development. 3 Key positive factors identified by researchers have ranged from favourable politico-legal environments for industry and commerce, through abundant natural resources of various kinds, to plentiful supplies of relatively low-costcitation needed, skilled and adaptable labour.China and India, while roughly following this development pattern, made adaptations in line with their own histories and cultures, their major size and importance in the world, and the geo-political ambitions of their governments, etc.. Meanwhile, Indias government is investing in economic sectors such as bioengineering, nuclear technology, pharmaceutics, informatics, and technologically-oriented higher education, exceeding its needs, with the goal of creating several specialisation poles able to conquer international markets. Both China and India have also started to make up signifi assholet investments in other developing countries, making them significant players in todays world economy.Indian industrial enterpriseThe industrial policy of free India was first announced in 1948. This policy envisaged a mixed economy with an overall responsibility of the Governm ent for the planned development of industries and their regulations in national interest. It stated the right of the state to acquire an undertaking. The public interest, and reserved an appropriate sphere for private enterprise. According to this policy Indian industries were sort into three groups.1. The first sept include arms and ammunitions, atomic energy, river valley projects, and the railways. There were to be directly under the management of the state. 2. The second category included coal, iron andsteel, aircraft, telephones, telegraphs, wireless, shipbuilding and mineral oils which were also to be the responsibility of the state. The private undertaking in these industries were to, however, continue for at least ten years. 3. The third category included the remaining industries, which were to be developed by private enterprise.NEED For INDUSTRILIZATION IN INDIAIndustrialisation is the process of manufacturing consumer goods and capital goods and of building infrastructur e in sanctify to provide goods and services to both individuals and businesses. As such Industrialisation plays a major role in the economic development of underdeveloped countries like India with enormous manpower and varied resources. Let us discuss, in detail, the role of industrialization in the Indian economy.1. Raising Income The first important role is that industrial development provide a secure basis for a rapid growth of income. The empirical evidence suggests a close correspondence between the high take aim of income and industrial development. In the industrially developed countries, for example, the GNP per capita income is very high at or so $ 28,000. Whereas for the industrially backward countries it is very low at around $ 400 only.2. Changing the Structure of the Economy In order to develop the economy underdeveloped countries need structural change through industrialization. History shows that in the process of becoming developed economy the share of the indust rial sector should rise and that of the agricultural sector decline. This is only possible through deliberate industrialization. As a result, the benefits of industrialization will trickle down to the other sectors of the economy in the form of the development of agricultural and service sectors leading to the rise in employment, output and income.3. Meeting High-Income Demands Beyond certain limits, the demands of the people are usually for industrial products alone. After having met the needs of food, income of the people are spent mostly on manufactured goods. This means the income-elasticity of demand for the manufactured goods is high and that of agricultural products is low. To meet these demands and increase the economys output underdeveloped countries need industrialization.4. Overcoming Deterioration in the Terms of Trade Underdeveloped countries like India need industrialization to free themselves from the adverseeffects of fluctuations in the prices of primary products an d decline in their terms of trade. such countries mainly export primary products and import manufactured goods. The prices of primary products have been falling or are stable whereas the prices of manufactured products have been rising. This led to deterioration in the terms of trade of the LDCs. For economic development such countries must shake off their dependence on primary products. They should adopt import subbing and export oriented industrialization.5. Absorbing Surplus Labour (Employment Generation) Underdeveloped countries like India are characterized by surplus labour and rapidly growing population. To absorb all the surplus labour it is essential to industrialise the acres rapidly. It is the establishment of industries alone that can generate employment opportunities on an accelerated rate.6. Bringing Technological march on Research and Development is associated with the process of industrialization. The development of industries producing capital goods i.e., machine s, equipment etc., enables a country to produce a variety of goods in large quantities and at low costs, make for technological progress and change in the outlook of the people. This results in bringing about an industrial civilization or environment for rapid progress which is necessity for any healthy economy.7. Strengthening the Economy Industrialisation of the country can provide the necessary elements for strengthening the economy. In this regard the following points may be noted. (a) Industrialisation makes possible the production of goods like railways, dams, etc. which cannot be imported. These economic infrastructures are essential for the future growth of the economy. (b) It is through the establishment of industries that one can impart elasticity to the system and overcome the historically given position of a primary producing country. Thus, with industrialization we can change the comparative advantage of the country to suit its resources and potentialities of manpower. (c)Through industrialization the requirements for the development of agriculture can be met. For example, improved farm-implements, chemical fertilizers, storage and transport facilities, etc., appropriate to our own conditions can be adequately provided only by our own industries. (d) The industrial development imparts to an economy dynamic element in the form of rapid growth and a modify economic structure which make it a progressive economy. (e) Providing for SecurityIndustrialisation is needed to provide for the countrys security. This consideration becomes all the more comminuted when some international crisis develops. In such situation, dependence of foreign sources for defence materials is a risky affair. It is only through industrial development in a big way that the national objective of self-reliance in defence materials can be achieved.