Summary An Economic way of looking at life by Gary Becker Essay

Summary An Economic way of looking at life by Gary Becker - Essay Example Economic way of looking at life helps individuals to know moral pathways and how to be ethical in economics. In chapter 7, social issues that are discussed are termed as labor supply, which in it you find household production, the family, and the life cycle which can be well analyzed by economic way of looking at life. In making household decisions, certain factors have to be in mind. Some of these factors are, the economy, time, income and individuals involved. In household decision making, one of the key attribute is the size. For instance the size of the family and number of children dictate the economic way of living of that family. Often, women in society have a role in bearing and raising a certain number of children and carrying out farm works as opposed to men who work in outside jobs in various offices. Economic analysis of this kind of decision shows that the labor force is low compared to the size of the family. This is because, the income from the couple would be more compared to when only the male individual is working. If the latter is used it would mean poor living standards as the family is growing. As regards to whether families uses more by consuming purchased goods as opposed to home made goods also differs if we analyze using our knowledge on economic way of looking at life. Although there is no such a big difference between the two, if things such as labor and the time spent to produce the home made goods are considered, economic wise consuming household good will carry the day since leisure is achieved and no supervision when producing them. In a later age, household decision on when to retire comes in. The topic about taking care of yet grown up children and on the other hand, older children taking care of the aged parents is dominant. These two are interconnected and each of them is crucial and important. Analysis of this economically

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality Essay

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality - Essay Example Apart from these, there is lack of coordination between the industry and the educators due to which both the students that enter the work field and the industry, experience a gap. Conclusions have been drawn extensive study. The business environment today is turbulent and challenging. The hotel industry is characterized by low job security, low pay, shift duties and limited opportunities for promotion (Wong, Siu & Tsang, 1999), no breaks, fluctuating demand, simultaneous production and consumption (Birdir, 2002). The sector offers a range of contradictions on a daily basis (Baum & Nickson, 1998). Human capital is considered the greatest asset in meeting these challenges and gaining competitive edge. However, attracting, managing and retaining talent in the hospitality industry is the biggest challenge. Competitive advantage relies on service quality and delivery of service quality itself has become challenging due to high staff turnover in the industry. The industry does realize that high turnover of staff ultimately results in high recruitment and training costs but despite all efforts they have not been able to bring about changes in the situation. High turnover indicates that staff is not sufficientl y motivated to work for the organization. This in turn implies lack of commitment and loyalty from the employees. Since this is an issue that concerns the smaller as well as the larger firms in the industry, this requires an in-depth study. Various studies have been conducted in the past but most studies have focused on one particular issue or one particular region. This study proposes to be an umbrella study where all the various factors that cause high turnover will be looked into. High labour turnover is not a country-specific problem but is a global problem. This study would provide greater insight than is possible in one

Effects Of Digital Technology On Identity

Effects Of Digital Technology On Identity Identity is described as a sense of self, as being a consistent and unique person. (Fernald, 1997) Defining individual identity involves being aware of and understanding an individuals experiences, perceptions, feelings, sensations, images and memories. Ones understanding and explanation of them, the choices and decisions a person makes, and the action they take in responding to changing conditions, needs, demands and challenges is another important aspect of identity. Beyond their mental and physical constitution, human beings consist of personal experiences, perceptions, feelings, images and memories (Dorscht, 1998). As digital technology is a vast area to cover, I will primarily focus on the internet and peoples ability to connect with others. Paul Magnarella, of the University of Florida proposes that, as societies become more complex and differentiated, due to technological developments, more specialists are needed, and social integration is becoming based on the interdependence of specialized functions (Magnarella, 1997). Modern humanity is adjusting to life within the global community. This has far reaching impact in how personal, social and cultural identities are formed and maintained. As the technology of the twenty-first century speeds up and expands access to information and virtual environments, constraints upon individuals to exclusively rely upon, and respond to their local physical environment is diminished (Jones, 1997). The availability of information and technology has affected the development of individual and group identity. It is only very recently in the time line of human evolution, that individuals and members of society have been exposed to cultures, attitudes and ways of thinking that are not insulated. There has been a great deal of attention paid to the development of self in this technological society. The volume and variety of relationships now available to the average person, through the Internet, at an interpersonal level, enables the individual an opportunity to construct a new self or identity for every occasion, with very little is expected in return (Eyck, 1998). Sociology is the study of human behaviour in groups, and focuses on the influences of social relationships on attitudes and behaviour. In the Sociological Research Online Journal, Schroeder examines the social aspects of multi-user virtual reality. He states that there is stratification in cyber-space communities, with insiders and outsiders with different behaviours, roles, and statuses. Schroeder regards the possibilities for extending new opportunities and experiences in both the natural and social worlds as sociologically relevant (Schroeder, 1997). The way in which individuals perceive themselves and their place in the world, is fundamental to the topic of identity. Researchers have described control as an individuals belief that they could cause good or bad events. (Shapiro et al.) The schema theory is described as facts or experiences that are clustered around topics, which provide a frame of reference for individuals to draw upon when making judgments (Wresch, 1996). When an individual combines this schema with the way they selectively value the limited information allowed into their consciousness, it further defines ones sense of identity. One point proposed is, that by role-playing or testing scenarios in cyber-space, some people are better prepared to function in similar real life situations. Another issue is that of gender switching on the web. Anthropologists describe gender as the cultural elaboration and meaning assigned to the biological differentiation between the sexes (Haviland, 1997), in the sense that ones sex is biologically determined, but ones sexual identity is culturally assigned. In sociological terms, gender roles are expectations, regarding the proper behavior and activities, and attitudes of males and females. (Schaefer Lamm, 1997: 37) In cyber-space you can assume multiple identities, change gender and explore different facets of your personality. Turkle quotes Jung, saying Jung believed that for each of us, it is potentially most liberating to become acquainted with our dark side, as well as the other-gendered self, called anima in men and animus in women (Turkle, 1995). In role-playing and gaming, such as the online fantasy game, Second Life. It may be seen as an exercise in fantasy, and a way to create and gain mastery over a persona the individual is in control of. Second Life is a free 3D virtual world where users can socialize, connect and create using free voice and text chat. One definition of society is a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture (Schaefer Lamm, 1997). In cyber-space, people are forming virtual societies. A sense of familiarity and belonging is created, through interaction and virtual proximity. Participants in Second Life refer to their virtual communities as cultures. Culture by definition is, A set of rules or standards, shared by members of a society, which when acted on by the members produce behaviour that falls within a range of variation the members consider proper and acceptable (Haviland, 1997). To deviate from the rules can result in punishment or expulsion from the culture. There are both IC, in character, guidelines for behavior, and OC or out of character codes to be followed. These people feel that they know each other. They interact both in and out of character and, in some cases have arranged meetings in the Real Wor ld. Sherry Turkle (Turkle, 1995) puts forward the idea that computer mediated communications have saturated society with both alien and local cultures. Turkle points out that through such widespread social contact, we are adjusting to and assimilating other cultures beliefs and norms to such an extent that we as a society are being deprived of traditional social structures and norms. In this information age, one may locate diverse friends, create an alternate identity and explore avenues of study and areas of culture that were never an option a generation ago (Turkle, 1995). Culture lag is defined as a period of maladjustment during which the non-material culture adapts to the material culture and foreign ideas are often viewed as threatening. (Schaefer Lamm, 1997) This definition could be paraphrased by stating that some individuals suffer from a period of confusion while the previously non-technical culture is adapting to new technology. This techno-culture lag appears to be more problematic to those who have not had as much experience with the technical and Internet related fields, than for example, the average secondary school student. The modern teenager sees the Internet in much the same way the children of the 1960s took television for granted. From a sociological view our individual culture provides us with a predisposed way of thinking and behaving when communicating. Our vocabulary is affected by our culture, in that we tend to have more words or ways of expressing ourselves, relative to the degree of importance we attach to a given subject. (Haviland, 1997) The way in which we communicate also guides our thinking and behaviour. This can be a potential source of problems when communicating outside our own culture. Phrases and words that are intended to convey a particular meaning may be misinterpreted and cause embarrassment or offense to a person of a different culture. The absence of body language and gestures when communicating by computer, whether through email or chats, seems to be guiding communication to a more generic form and adding a whole new vocabulary of technological terminology. Modern humanity is part of a networked society, whether directly or indirectly. Its views of the world, its cultures and individual identity are all being reshaped through the impact of the Internet in our lives. People have become cyber-chameleons, adjusting to whoever they are communicating with. This flexibility is characteristic of contemporary society. One generation ago, it was common for a person to be born, live, and die in one community, while being married to the same person and working in the same job. In todays society it is not unusual to change jobs, and move, remarry and adapt multiple times. Societies suffer a cultural loss when they homogenize and streamline their identities in order to communicate and interact globally (Featherstone Burrows, 1995). The modern self is bombarded with instantaneous images of far off peoples, events and cultures and distant happenings. This places the producers of this information in the position of becoming manufacturers of reality (Eyck, 1998). It is more important than ever that the individual become aware of how to distinguish fantasy from reality and evaluate the information that is being served up to them (Balsalmo, 1996). The distribution of knowledge and power has made it more difficult for powerful social institutions to wield the power they once did. Knowledge is power, so perhaps to spread knowledge is to distribute power. Ones awareness of choices and decisions, of action and responses, and understanding of what they indicate, and how they interact and relate is what finally comprises an image of oneself, an identity.

True Feelings in Billy Collins Taking Off Emily Dickinsons Clothes Es

True Feelings in Billy Collins' Taking Off Emily Dickinson's Clothes Upon first look, Billy Collins â€Å"Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes† seems to be a wild fantasy for Emily Dickinson that he is entertaining. Upon closer examination, however, the poem reveals his subconscious desire to have sex with his mother and his frustration about his inability to do so, resulting in the displacement of his sexual desires onto Dickinson. From the beginning, Collins is very detailed with his description. In fact he is quite anal retentive in explaining everything about the encounter. He starts from her outside clothing, â€Å"first, her tippet made of tulle† (1) and on through her mass of clothing until finally reaching her â€Å"corset† (41). Collins proclaims that the tippet is â€Å"easily lifted off her shoulders† (2), which lets people know that he is doing the work. Dickinson is simply standing there allowing him to touch and undress her. Perhaps this reflects that Collins is not often in control and never in control when it concerns his mother. He is probably constantly being told what to do, so it is very important that the reader realizes that he is in control of this situation. This may be why he projects Dickinson as immobile; he is simply projecting his inability to be in control onto Dickson. Collins then turns towards her â€Å"bonnet, the bow undone with a light forward pull† (4-5). The way he pulls the bonnet with a â€Å"light† (5) pulls shows how he feels it necessary to go about this situation very carefully and gently. He is using Dickinson to hide his feelings for his mother, and if he does not tread lightly, he may be found out. It can be easily inferred who he does not want to know, namely his father becau... ...laims that â€Å"Hope has feathers/ that reason is a plank/ that life is a loaded gun† (44-46). In essence he seems to be saying that while maybe how he feels is not right, that there is hope, and reason is such a narrow thing, and that life can blow up at anytime, so why bother with pretences. He seems to conclude that the definition between wrong and right can constitute a gray area, and in doing so redeems himself from the idea that lusting after his mother is immoral. While on the surface Collins seems to want Emily Dickinson, with a close reading it becomes clear that he is actually obsessed with his mother. His displacement shows how he at least tries to hide is incestuous desires, while his anal retentiveness shows his wish to be in control. The indications that run throughout the poem reveal Collins’ true feelings, and his inability to hide them.

Marketing Smart Water Topic

Marketing Plan Topic:Due Week One Complete this form and submit it to the Week 1 Marketing Plan Dropbox. Your instructor must approve your idea, and will give you feedback and suggestions if you need help. You have several options when choosing a product or service for your marketing plan. Consider choosing a new product for a new company (your own) or creating a new product for an existing company. Perhaps you would want to do a product extension of an existing product. You might consider a different approach to marketing an existing service.You can target consumers or businesses. You may choose a product or service offered by your employer or your own business, or one from another organization. Ultimately, to maximize your learning experience, choose a product or service in which you have an interest and about which you would like to see your product or service come to the marketplace. Make sure there is information available about the industry and target marketing of the product o r service you choose. MARKETING PLAN TOPIC Your Name: Product or Service Idea:SmartWater Is your product or service offered by: __X__an existing company? ____a new company imagined for the assignment? Explanation: Glaceua is the maker of smartwater, vitaminwater and vitaminwater zero. Who do you think is the target audience? (Remember you will need research to confirm this. ): Their main target are people who enjoy healthy food and are aware of what they are putting into their bodies. Customer’s buy Smart Water for â€Å"what’s not in it†, which is a major selling point for Glaceau.Are similar or competitive products or services available? List or briefly describe a similar product or service: (If your idea has no precedent in the marketplace, consider another idea). Spring water is the direct competitor as it is less expensive and easily accessible since supermarket chains are now manufacturing their own brand of spring water. Also, there is still the competiti on of water fountains and water filters which are both used to this day. How will your product or service differ from competitors?What is your distinctive competitive advantage? To distinguish their product from spring water, the company created the term â€Å"Smart Water† and bottled it in graphically appealing proprietary packaging under its trademarked brand name, Glaceau. Glaceau Smart Water has claimed its rightful place as having the lowest measurement of total dissolved solids (i. e. metals and minerals) of any water on the market. Do you have questions for your instructor? Do you feel I will have enough sources for this product.

Aquarius Advertising Agency: Case Study

Aquarius Advertising Agency: Case Study 1)Aquarius’ 5 Contextual Variables: Environment – the business environment for advertising agencies is variable and always undergoing changes. In particular, it is common for these agencies to lose and gain large numbers of clients frequently. In regards to the advertising services Aquarius provides, their employees need to adapt to new industry trends often and no consistent routine exists for serving the various clients they encounter. Goals – Aquarius strives to be a respected agency in the advertising industry.They try to achieve this by being responsive to changes in the industry, flexible with clients, innovative, and efficient. Aquarius’ specific goal it is trying to achieve with structure redesign is to improve cooperation, coordination, and communication among their different departments. Culture – the services Aquarius provides are tied into an industry that revolves around creativity and art. As a r esult, many of the employees strive to be independent and do things in an original way in order to stand out. The personnel are highly knowledgeable towards industry trends and advertising practices.Employees need to be creative and innovative; therefore, they can sometimes be seen as daring or arrogant. Some employees who have a more functional role in the company (i. e. the account executives/manager) feel that the other employees can seem overconfident or egotistical. Size – Aquarius is a medium-sized advertising agency that offers two services. Technology – Technology is always changing and providing new ways for advertising agencies to operate and perform. In terms of performance, traditional forms of advertising such as TV and radio have not been improved by technology for quite some time.However, new Internet technologies like social media are revolutionizing the advertising industry and Aquarius has had to adapt to those changes. In terms of operations, technol ogy has been improving the ways organizations communicate with their clients and how departments relay information throughout the organization. Email is very common these days, however, new information systems and database software are changing the way all organizations of any kind deal with all data. 2 and 3) Matrix structure or not?A matrix structure would not be appropriate in this case because the functional departments under operations deal with each other and the functional departments under marketing deal with each other. The functional departments from operations don’t interact with the functional departments in marketing enough (applies vice versa) to warrant a matrix structure. Also, the functional departments in operations and marketing are too varied from one another to benefit from a matrix structure. The operations departments need to be managed by an operations executive and the same can be said about the marketing departments.The horizontal relationships betwe en operations and marketing need to be vertically controlled for efficiency. However, Aquarius still needs to solve its problem of innovation and flexibility. My restructuring solution would be to add 3 new positions. Aquarius claims its services can be grouped into two categories: one for customized plans and one for complete plans. Therefore, I propose they group together the account executives dealing with clients asking for common services. Also, group together the account executives dealing with more custom and specialized services.These two groups would then report their needs to the other new position called the Accounts/Specialist Liaison. This liaison would act as a permanent integrator between the two account executive groups, the marketing VP, and the operations VP. The two account executive groups relay their resource needs to fulfill customer demands through this liaison. This liaison, knowing the resources and capabilities of the marketing departments and the operation s departments, would then approve or deny the account executive groups’ requests.Although this restructuring plan would be considered to be adding more vertical integration with a single centralized liaison, it still adds flexibility and a divisional structure. The account executives are arranged in a way that one group of executives deal with common services and the other group deals with customized services. As a result, the group dealing with common services will generally have more standardized and consistent requests to the liaison. On the other hand, the group dealing with customized services will have more variable requests.One group would comprise of executives who serve more of a functional role, while the other group would comprise of executives who serve a more creative/innovative role. Either way, everything these two executive groups request, in order to service their respective clients, will have to be approved by the liaison that checks with the two VPs to see if their requests are feasible or reasonable. The liaison also communicates with the Accounts VP often to get a good understanding on special or specific clients and how much they mean to the agency. The liaison relays this information to the two account executive groups.

The Fires Of Jubilee Book Report Essay Example

The Fires Of Jubilee Book Report Essay Example The Fires Of Jubilee Book Report Paper The Fires Of Jubilee Book Report Paper It was written in a way that was very easy to understand which made the book that much better. Dates also made sure to reveal to his readers who the mysterious Nat Turner really was. Dates was also the author of the books With Malice Toward None which won the Christopher Award and Let the Trumpet Sound which also won the Christopher Award and the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Book Award. In this book, Dates vividly reenacted the events that fueled Gnats mindset, the events that took place during Nat Turners rebellion, and the effects that it had after. Dates began with an extremely thorough biography of Nat Turner who was born on October 2nd, 1 800 in Southampton County, Virginia. As a child, everyone who met Nat knew that he was a special, for he was very intelligent, religious, literate, and was also believed to be a prophet by many of his fellow slaves. Gnats intelligence was praised by his first master, Benjamin Turner, but not by his son, Samuel Turner, who became Ants new owner after Benjamin had passed and he did not appreciate his intelligence as much. It was also during this time that Nat first began slave work at the age of twelve under Samuel Turner. This was also the first time that he recognized that he was a slave even though he had been led to believe by whites and blacks alike that e would be freed one day because he was so smart. This event in Gnats life could have been first time he developed his resentment toward the white man. From that moment on, Nat performed the same bleak routine for many years. This routine 1 included going to slave praise meetings every Sunday where Nat would listen to a different version of Christianity than what the white preachers told. This alternate version criticized slavery and tried to instigate the blacks into resisting it. These praise meetings could have had a great influence with Gnats resentment towards the white man as well Samuel Turner. These praise meetings also influenced Nat to begin his own ministering religious rants within the slave cabins which became very popular among them. When Nat was twenty-one years old, he stated that he, Having soon discovered to be great, I must appear so, and therefore studiously avoiding mixing in society, and wrapped myself in mystery, devoting myself to fasting and prayer. (pig. 27) In 1819, when the United States experienced a depression and Samuel Turner died, Elizabeth, Samuels wife, was forced to sell some of the slaves, as well as Nat Turner. Nat was fortunate enough to be able to stay in Southampton County and he was sold to one Thomas Moore. Gnats new master was an ambitious man who hoped to make it big in his neighborhood. He was not a cruel master but he worked himself and his field hands very hard in an effort to achieve his dream. In the summer of 1825, Nat began to have visions that assured him adjustments Day was approaching. When the slaves heard of his visions, they were astonished, even though they expected to one day hear this news from the prophet. On the other hand, the white people did not pay much attention to Nat because for one, he was a slave, and two, he was not a certified preacher. On May 12, 1828, Nat had the most significant vision of all. He recalled, I heard a loud noise in the heavens and the Spirit instantly appeared to me and said the Serpent was 2 loosened, and Christ had laid down the yoke he had borne for the sins of men, and that I should take it on and fight against the Serpent, for the time was fast approaching when the first should be the last and the last should be the first. (pig. 41) This was the message from God that Nat had searched for. All he had to do now was wait for a sign from God on when to begin. In February, 1831 Nat confided his plan for insurgence in four slaves whom he rusted, Hark, Nelson, Henry, and Sam. On Sunday August, 21 Gnats lieutenants, accompanied by Jack Reese and Will Francis, sat at Cabin Pond and awaited the prophet. When Nat arrived he assured them that they would kill all the white people that night. (pig. 67) Gnats Rebellion began at around am, Monday morning with their first attack to be the Travis house. The insurgents killed all the members of the Travis family, including the Travis baby. After this, Dates recounts all the gruesome slaughters that took place during Gnats Rebellion including Elizabeth Turner, John Barrow, and the only arson that Nat killed throughout the entire insurgence, Margaret Whitehead The following day, Nat rode to the Blunt plantation to attempt to gain more followers but was shocked to find gunshots coming from the home when the arrived. Nat decided to retreat to the forest because most of Gnats men had disappeared or were injured but once there, found the militia waiting for heir The militia viciously attacked the insurgents leaving the remainders of them scattered and three of them dead, including Will Francis. This finally caused the rebellion to subdue. Meanwhile the Southampton community was in a Tate of confusion and panic wondering why had their slaves rebelled and if they were still a threat? Many furious whites decided to take 3 matters into their own hands seek revenge On any black person they saw. There was also a $500 reward for anyone who brought the prophet to the Southampton County Jail, which fueled the manhunt even more. Although many stories stated that Nat had fled the state, he had actually never left Southampton County. On October 3rd, Nat was finally captured by Benjamin Phipps, a farmer who happened to stumble upon Nat. The next day as Nat was being escorted to a Jerusalem Courthouse, he ironically kept his head led high then entire time in front of the large white crowd. In the courthouse, Nat stood before court justices, James Treatment and James W. Parker, who sought to question him. In the interrogation, Nat stated that he was the man in charge of insurrection and omens that God had presented him to see. Although whites did not know how to react to Gnats interrogation many whites agreed that, as perfect a state of fanatical delusion as ever wretched man suffered. (pig. 1 1 9) Thomas Gray, a defender of some of the other insurgents, wanted to interview Nat before his trial date. On Tuesday, November 3rd Gray went to interview Nat for three days and came up with the conclusion that even though he though Nat was engulfed with his religious fantasies he did not think of him as ignorant or a coward. (pig. 12, On November 5th, Nays trial date, Nat was found guilty and on Friday, November 1 1 , Nat was hung. Southern whites desperately wanted to blame Gnats Rebellion the northern abolitionists but in reality, the North had no direct correlation with the insurgence. Southerners more specifically wanted( to link it to William Lloyd Garrisons Liberator and David Walkers Appeal to he Colored Citizens of the World, no evidence exists that slaves ever got a chance to even know about these documents.